In the 17th and 18th centuries, some physicists in Europe began to make simple galvanometers using the principle of current and magnetic force. Using telescopes made of optical lenses laid the foundation for electrical and optical instruments. Other instruments used for measurement and observation have also gradually evolved.
From the 19th to the 20th century, the industrial revolution and the large-scale production of modernization promoted the development of new disciplines and new technologies. Later, electronic and computer technologies and space technologies emerged. Instruments and meters have also been rapidly developed. Modern instrumentation has become an indispensable technical tool for measurement, control and automation.
Instrumentation is a comprehensive product of a variety of science and technology, a wide variety, extensive use, and constantly updated, there are a variety of classification methods. According to the purpose and purpose of use, there are mainly measuring instruments, automotive instruments, tractor instruments, marine instruments, aviation instruments, navigation instruments, driving instruments, radio test instruments, carrier microwave test instruments, geological exploration test instruments, building materials test instruments, Seismic test instruments, geodetic surveying instruments, hydrological instruments, timing instruments, agricultural test instruments, commercial test instruments, teaching instruments, medical instruments, environmental protection instruments, etc.
Instruments and meters belonging to the machinery industry include industrial automation instruments, electrical instrumentation, optical instruments, analytical instruments, laboratory instruments and devices, material testing machines, meteorological equipment, film machinery, photo-taking machines, photocopying and micro-mechanics, instruments and meters. There are thirteen categories of devices, instrumentation materials, instrumentation and process equipment. They are more versatile, larger in volume, or necessary for the instrumentation industry.
Various types of instruments and meters can be further divided into a number of subcategories or subcategories according to different characteristics such as functions, detection control objects, structures, and principles. For example, industrial automation instruments can be divided into testing instruments, loop display instruments, regulating instruments and actuators according to their functions. The measuring instruments are divided into temperature measuring instruments, pressure measuring instruments, flow measuring instruments and level measuring instruments according to the measured physical quantities. Mechanical measuring instruments, etc.; temperature measuring instruments are divided into contact-type temperature measuring instruments and non-contact temperature measuring instruments according to measuring methods; contact-type temperature measuring instruments can be divided into thermoelectric type, expansion type, and resistance type.
The classification of other types of instruments and meters is generally similar, mainly related to the development process, usage habits and the classification of related products. There is no uniform standard for instrumentation in terms of classification. There are similar situations in the naming of instrumentation.
In practical work, we often classify instrumentation into two major categories: automated instrumentation and portable instrumentation. Automation instrumentation refers to instrumentation that needs to be permanently installed in the field, also known as field instrumentation or dial-mounted instrumentation. The instrument needs to be used in conjunction with other equipment to accomplish one or several functions. Portable instrumentation refers to use alone, and sometimes it is also referred to as test instrumentation. Generally, it is divided into two types: desktop and hand-held.
There is also a classification of instrumentation. It is called a primary instrument and a secondary instrument. A primary instrument is a part of a sensor that directly senses the measured signal, and a secondary instrument is the part that amplifies, displays, and transmits signals.
The progress of learning technology has continuously raised higher and higher requirements for instrumentation. The development trend of instrumentation is to constantly use new working principles and adopt new materials and new components, such as the use of ultrasonic, microwave, ray, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, laser and other principles and the use of various new semiconductor sensing elements, Integrated circuits, integrated optical circuits, optical fibers and other components. Its purpose is to achieve the miniaturization of instrumentation, reduce weight, reduce production costs and easier use and maintenance. Another important trend is to increase the performance of instrumentation through the use of microcomputers and to assume the automation, intelligence, and data processing capabilities of the instrumentation itself. Instrumentation is not only for single use, but may be combined with standard interfaces and data channels and electronic computers to form a variety of test control and management integrated systems to meet higher requirements.
The industrial automation instrument focuses on the development of main control system devices and intelligent instrumentation, special and special automation instruments based on fieldbus technology; comprehensively expands the service area, promotes the digitization, intelligence and networking of instrumentation systems, and completes the automation instrumentation from simulation technology. The transformation of digital technology, the proportion of digital meters in more than 60% within 5 years; promote the commercialization of autonomous copyright automation software.
Electrical instruments and meters focus on the development of long-lived energy meters, electronic power meters, special special-purpose electrical measuring instruments and power grid metering automatic management systems. In 2005, the domestic market share of middle and low-end electric instruments and meters should reach 95%; by 2010, the domestic market share of high-middle-end electric instruments and meters will reach 80%.
Scientific test equipment Key development process Analytical instruments, environmental monitoring instrumentation, energy-saving analytical instruments for industrial furnaces, and automotive parts dynamic balance, power test and vehicle performance tester, geodetic instrument, and electronic quick tester , measuring type global positioning system and other testing machines, laboratory instruments and other new products. The products are mainly mid-range products with high technical content. By 2005, they accounted for 50% to 60% of the total output value.
Environmental protection instrumentation focuses on environmental monitoring instrumentation, sampling systems, and environmental monitoring automation control system products for the atmospheric environment and water environment. In 2005, the technological level reached the international advanced level in the late 1990s, and the domestic market share reached 50% to 60%. By 2010, the domestic market share will reach over 70%.
Instruments and meters instrumentation components "10th Five-Year" and before 2010, as soon as possible to develop a group of marketable products, the market effect of good products, the species share reached 70% to 80%, high-end product market share of more than 60%; Through technological breakthroughs and new product development, the quality of products has reached the international level of the late 1990s, and some products are close to the advanced level of similar foreign products.
Information Technology Electric Measuring Instruments The main development of electrical instrumentation software, intelligent technology, bus-based automatic testing technology, comprehensive automated testing system, new component measurement technology and testing equipment, online testing technology, information industry product testing technology, multimedia measurement technology And the corresponding test equipment, electricity monitoring and management technology.
Market analysis
The market share of the middle and low-end electrical instrument products reaches 95%. The domestic market share of high-end products and the foreign market share of medium and low-end products have greatly improved on an existing basis. The development of the instrument industry in China in 2010 will be expected to increase. Product structure adjustment goals. Among them, industrial automation instrumentation, focusing on the development of fieldbus-based main control system devices and intelligent instruments, special and special automation instruments. The product technology level reached the advanced foreign level in the late 1990s. In 2005, sales accounted for 30% of domestic sales of instrumentation. Market-oriented, comprehensively expand the service sector, promote digitalization, intelligence, and networking of instrumentation systems, and complete the transformation of automation instruments from analog to digital technologies. The number of digital instruments at the end of the “10th Five-Year Plan†reached more than 60%.
From the 19th to the 20th century, the industrial revolution and the large-scale production of modernization promoted the development of new disciplines and new technologies. Later, electronic and computer technologies and space technologies emerged. Instruments and meters have also been rapidly developed. Modern instrumentation has become an indispensable technical tool for measurement, control and automation.
Instrumentation is a comprehensive product of a variety of science and technology, a wide variety, extensive use, and constantly updated, there are a variety of classification methods. According to the purpose and purpose of use, there are mainly measuring instruments, automotive instruments, tractor instruments, marine instruments, aviation instruments, navigation instruments, driving instruments, radio test instruments, carrier microwave test instruments, geological exploration test instruments, building materials test instruments, Seismic test instruments, geodetic surveying instruments, hydrological instruments, timing instruments, agricultural test instruments, commercial test instruments, teaching instruments, medical instruments, environmental protection instruments, etc.
Instruments and meters belonging to the machinery industry include industrial automation instruments, electrical instrumentation, optical instruments, analytical instruments, laboratory instruments and devices, material testing machines, meteorological equipment, film machinery, photo-taking machines, photocopying and micro-mechanics, instruments and meters. There are thirteen categories of devices, instrumentation materials, instrumentation and process equipment. They are more versatile, larger in volume, or necessary for the instrumentation industry.
Various types of instruments and meters can be further divided into a number of subcategories or subcategories according to different characteristics such as functions, detection control objects, structures, and principles. For example, industrial automation instruments can be divided into testing instruments, loop display instruments, regulating instruments and actuators according to their functions. The measuring instruments are divided into temperature measuring instruments, pressure measuring instruments, flow measuring instruments and level measuring instruments according to the measured physical quantities. Mechanical measuring instruments, etc.; temperature measuring instruments are divided into contact-type temperature measuring instruments and non-contact temperature measuring instruments according to measuring methods; contact-type temperature measuring instruments can be divided into thermoelectric type, expansion type, and resistance type.
The classification of other types of instruments and meters is generally similar, mainly related to the development process, usage habits and the classification of related products. There is no uniform standard for instrumentation in terms of classification. There are similar situations in the naming of instrumentation.
In practical work, we often classify instrumentation into two major categories: automated instrumentation and portable instrumentation. Automation instrumentation refers to instrumentation that needs to be permanently installed in the field, also known as field instrumentation or dial-mounted instrumentation. The instrument needs to be used in conjunction with other equipment to accomplish one or several functions. Portable instrumentation refers to use alone, and sometimes it is also referred to as test instrumentation. Generally, it is divided into two types: desktop and hand-held.
There is also a classification of instrumentation. It is called a primary instrument and a secondary instrument. A primary instrument is a part of a sensor that directly senses the measured signal, and a secondary instrument is the part that amplifies, displays, and transmits signals.
The progress of learning technology has continuously raised higher and higher requirements for instrumentation. The development trend of instrumentation is to constantly use new working principles and adopt new materials and new components, such as the use of ultrasonic, microwave, ray, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, laser and other principles and the use of various new semiconductor sensing elements, Integrated circuits, integrated optical circuits, optical fibers and other components. Its purpose is to achieve the miniaturization of instrumentation, reduce weight, reduce production costs and easier use and maintenance. Another important trend is to increase the performance of instrumentation through the use of microcomputers and to assume the automation, intelligence, and data processing capabilities of the instrumentation itself. Instrumentation is not only for single use, but may be combined with standard interfaces and data channels and electronic computers to form a variety of test control and management integrated systems to meet higher requirements.
The industrial automation instrument focuses on the development of main control system devices and intelligent instrumentation, special and special automation instruments based on fieldbus technology; comprehensively expands the service area, promotes the digitization, intelligence and networking of instrumentation systems, and completes the automation instrumentation from simulation technology. The transformation of digital technology, the proportion of digital meters in more than 60% within 5 years; promote the commercialization of autonomous copyright automation software.
Electrical instruments and meters focus on the development of long-lived energy meters, electronic power meters, special special-purpose electrical measuring instruments and power grid metering automatic management systems. In 2005, the domestic market share of middle and low-end electric instruments and meters should reach 95%; by 2010, the domestic market share of high-middle-end electric instruments and meters will reach 80%.
Scientific test equipment Key development process Analytical instruments, environmental monitoring instrumentation, energy-saving analytical instruments for industrial furnaces, and automotive parts dynamic balance, power test and vehicle performance tester, geodetic instrument, and electronic quick tester , measuring type global positioning system and other testing machines, laboratory instruments and other new products. The products are mainly mid-range products with high technical content. By 2005, they accounted for 50% to 60% of the total output value.
Environmental protection instrumentation focuses on environmental monitoring instrumentation, sampling systems, and environmental monitoring automation control system products for the atmospheric environment and water environment. In 2005, the technological level reached the international advanced level in the late 1990s, and the domestic market share reached 50% to 60%. By 2010, the domestic market share will reach over 70%.
Instruments and meters instrumentation components "10th Five-Year" and before 2010, as soon as possible to develop a group of marketable products, the market effect of good products, the species share reached 70% to 80%, high-end product market share of more than 60%; Through technological breakthroughs and new product development, the quality of products has reached the international level of the late 1990s, and some products are close to the advanced level of similar foreign products.
Information Technology Electric Measuring Instruments The main development of electrical instrumentation software, intelligent technology, bus-based automatic testing technology, comprehensive automated testing system, new component measurement technology and testing equipment, online testing technology, information industry product testing technology, multimedia measurement technology And the corresponding test equipment, electricity monitoring and management technology.
Market analysis
The market share of the middle and low-end electrical instrument products reaches 95%. The domestic market share of high-end products and the foreign market share of medium and low-end products have greatly improved on an existing basis. The development of the instrument industry in China in 2010 will be expected to increase. Product structure adjustment goals. Among them, industrial automation instrumentation, focusing on the development of fieldbus-based main control system devices and intelligent instruments, special and special automation instruments. The product technology level reached the advanced foreign level in the late 1990s. In 2005, sales accounted for 30% of domestic sales of instrumentation. Market-oriented, comprehensively expand the service sector, promote digitalization, intelligence, and networking of instrumentation systems, and complete the transformation of automation instruments from analog to digital technologies. The number of digital instruments at the end of the “10th Five-Year Plan†reached more than 60%.
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