锑 is a unique resource in China. 70% of the world’s total annual consumption is produced in China. However, the proportion of complex minerals in China’s 锑 resources is very large. The brittle sulphur lead bismuth ore in the southwest Dandachang ore field is the lead. , antimony, silver and other metal minerals, lead-antimony concentrate due to its symbiotic, determines the complexity of the refining process. According to conventional processes, smelting ore Jamesonite # 1 is the production of lead, antimony or # 2 high and comprehensive recovery of lead-antimony, silver, copper, precious metals and non-ferrous metals such as bismuth, antimony oxide, antimony products need to use reoxidation # 2 It has a long process flow, low smelting recovery rate and high production cost. Guangxi Nanxing Shengye Co., Ltd. cooperated with Guangdong Xinan County Guangxin Smelting Co., Ltd. to adopt the patented technology of “direct oxidation of lead-bismuth alloy to produce bismuth oxideâ€, and the lead-bismuth alloy produced by blast furnace and reverberatory furnace was decontaminated and purified. Direct oxidation produces commercial cerium oxide.
1. Theoretical basis for the direct oxidation of lead-bismuth alloy to bismuth oxide
Direct oxidation of lead-bismuth alloy to yttrium oxide is characterized by the tendency of ruthenium to oxidize and volatilize. Because of the different affinity of bismuth and lead for oxygen, low temperature oxidation is used, and the temperature is controlled at 640-660 °C. At this temperature, lead is used. Volatilization is extremely difficult. At the same time, the affinity of cesium for oxygen is greater than the affinity of lead for oxygen. Therefore, cesium is preferentially oxidized and volatilized, and if this temperature condition is controlled, a qualified product cerium oxide can be obtained.
Brittle sulphur lead bismuth ore is a mineral processing product of cassiterite -polymetallic sulphide ore. It is a special kind of mineral. Its main metal is lead and antimony, which contains precious metals such as gold, silver and valuable metals such as copper and antimony. Among the geological reserves of the sputum, the deposits with brittle sulphur lead bismuth ore as the main strontium-bearing minerals account for 80% of the total reserves. Therefore, research and development of this mineral has great economic value.
Second, the process flow introduction
(1) Lead-bismuth alloy fire production 2 #锑, 1 #铅工艺
Lead-bismuth alloy fire separation and production 2 #锑, 1 #铅 process technology is developed in the past 10a, after the continuous improvement of various lead smelting manufacturers, combined with the use of lead removal agent in bismuth refining, is now more mature The smelting process has revolutionized the technology of pyrolysis and separation of lead and bismuth prior to the mid-1990s, when it was only able to produce high lead bismuth products and 1 # lead. The current process has the advantages of complete separation of lead-bismuth alloy and low comprehensive cost. It is widely used by lead smelting manufacturers at present, but to produce yttrium oxide products, it must be obtained by re-oxidation of 2 #锑, the process flow is shown in Figure l Shown.
Figure 1 Lead-bismuth alloy fire production 2 #锑, 1 #铅 process
(2) Direct oxidation of lead-bismuth alloy to produce cerium oxide and lead # 1 process
The key technologies of this production process are "direct oxidation separation" and "low temperature oxidation". Compared with the original process, it has made great progress, with the advantages of short process flow, good production and operation conditions, low energy consumption and high recovery rate. Due to the greatly shortened process flow and the significant reduction in production costs, the process has been effective since the company was built and operated for more than half a year. The process flow is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Direct oxidation of lead-bismuth alloy to produce yttrium oxide, 1 # lead process
(3) Main technical and economic indicators
1. Comprehensive technical and economic indicators
The comprehensive technical and economic indicators are listed in Table 1.
2. Lead and antimony alloy composition before decontamination and purification
The lead-bismuth alloy composition before decontamination is listed in Table 2.
Table 2 Lead-bismuth alloy composition before purification
3. Lead-bismuth alloy composition after impurity removal and purification
The lead-bismuth alloy composition after impurity removal is listed in Table 3.
Table 3 Composition of lead-bismuth alloy after purification
4, product comparison
The company 0 #锑 锑 product is compared with GB4062-83 standard 0 #锑 锑 is listed in Table 4.
Table 4 Comparison of company 0 #锑 锑 and GB4062-83
Third, comprehensive evaluation and analysis
According to the comparative analysis of the above data, the cost of producing cerium oxide by lead-bismuth alloy using the "low temperature direct oxidation method" is 1178.62 yuan / ton, the straight yield is 66.5%, and the total recovery rate is 94%.
The lead-bismuth alloy adopts "fire method to remove lead by lead removal" to produce 2 #锑, and the production cost of producing yttrium oxide by using 2 #锑 is 2121.19 yuan/t, the straight yield is 61.85%, and the total recovery rate is 90.75%.
The “low temperature direct oxidation method†used by the company to produce cerium oxide has the following characteristics: (1) simple process and equipment, low investment, low production cost; (2) easy operation and easy production management; (3) direct yield And the total recovery rate is high, which improves the utilization value of resources; (4) the product is commercial bismuth oxide, which can be directly sold; (5) the process of producing yttrium oxide by reoxidation and lead production 2 #锑In fact, the labor intensity is greatly reduced.
However, since the raw material used in the "low temperature direct oxidation method" is a lead-bismuth alloy, the lead content is as high as 60%, and although the purity in the product reaches 99.5%, the lead content does not reach the standard of GB4062-83 0 # antimony trioxide. .
Fourth, the conclusion
Guangxi Nandan brittle sulfur lead-bismuth ore is a complex type of polymetallic complex such as lead, antimony and silver. During the ore dressing process, lead bismuth is produced in the same concentrate. During smelting, lead bismuth can be melted in any proportion, which determines the complexity of the smelting process. The direct separation of metallurgical process by fire method has the following obvious advantages compared with traditional metallurgical process.
(1) It can greatly simplify the metallurgical production process and reduce equipment allocation, thereby reducing capital investment in the initial stage of project implementation, saving metallurgical production costs, and bringing obvious economic benefits to enterprises.
(2) The direct yield of strontium can be increased from 61.85% to 66.5%, and the total recovery rate can be increased from 90.75% to 94%, which greatly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of strontium resources and improves the comprehensive utilization of resources for developing countries. Another way to make it work.
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