China Jiangsu Net May 18th S-type Long Yupei, jade mask, black pottery high handle cup, copper column tripod, Jinyu Jade suit...... When you see these exquisite artifacts in the Xuzhou Museum exhibition hall, you may not be able to imagine Their original appearance: more than 4,000 pieces of jade pieces of Jinyu Jade Clothing were scattered in the tombs. The S-shaped dragon that was the landmark of the Xuzhou Museum was not unveiled when it was unearthed.
Who will let these precious cultural relics be restored to their former glory? On the occasion of the International Museum Day on May 18, the reporter went to the Xuzhou Museum Cultural Relics and Conservation Department to discover the story of cultural restoration.
When the reporter arrived at the repair room on the second floor of the Wenzhou Building of the Xuzhou Museum, Zhao Xiaowei, the deputy director of the Department of Cultural Protection, was working with the staff to repair a jade coat. Zhao Xiaowei said that this was to help a brother unit in Shaanxi repair it. On the floor of the room was a fragmented mannequin with only the upper body and limbs. The head of the model was patched in the hands of a repairer. The patch that is now attached is not a jade piece, but is reproduced using a PPC board.
"The colored PPC board is marked with dimensions. These are copied from the remaining jade pieces found at the time of unearthing, and the white ones are speculated on the basis of color, that is, the incomplete parts of the artifacts. Then we judge according to the size. The positions of these 'jade films', like these 'blue jade pieces', are larger in size and should be in the legs." Zhao Xiaowei said.
"The process of judgment is very complicated. It requires repeated adjustments, permutations and combinations. It constantly confirms, negates, reaffirms, and negates, and finally forms a reasonable combination of laws that conforms to the law." Zhao Xiaowei said, "However, there are features in the jade pieces unearthed. Pieces, such as eyes, nose, thumb, and jade on the head, all have special shapes, and we use these features to find patterns, arrange radioactivity, and combine them. Then, according to the size of the 'chips' of these PPC boards, we look for special The jade processing factory is processed into a real jade piece, and finally it is worn with a gold thread, a silver thread or a copper thread. The whole process takes about half a year.†Zhao Xiaowei speculated that this jade garment should be a silver jade garment.
The Jinyu jade coat currently displayed in the museum is basically repaired in the above manner. However, the amount of work is much larger than this one. When this piece of jadeite, unearthed from the Chuwang Tombs of Shizishan Mountain in 1995, was discovered, it was almost completely taken away. Many jade pieces were destroyed and scattered. There were 3,800 pieces of jade on the site. After the restoration, 4248 were used. Pieces of jade tablets, 1865 grams of gold. Xuzhou Museum organizes domestic experts, which lasted 1 year and 9 months. After numbering, cleaning, and spell-matching processes, it cost more than 500,000 yuan and finally restored the country's treasures.
In a studio on the third floor of Wenbo Building, Wang Chih-chiu of the Department of Archaeology is smashing pottery pieces that are not smashed in front of him with Decker glue. These pieces are said to have hundreds of pieces. “After breaking into this shape, what is the value of repair?†In response to a reporter’s question, Wang Chih-chih said: “It is because the pottery is fragile that it is definitely a local thing. Its shape and shape reflect the local culture. Characteristics, the restored pottery can provide rich and intuitive historical materials for the research, exploration of the political, cultural, economic, folk custom and tomb systems of the society at that time.â€
Pottery repair also has certain rules to follow. “The first step is to classify each piece according to its mouthwash, decoration, thickness, shape, and color characteristics. This process needs to be screened over and over again. Like these, there are oral teeth. These arcs should be the bottom. This comparison The thin pieces should be on the abdomen," said Wang Chih-chi. "If any piece of equipment has a general curvature from the bottom to the neck and from top to bottom, then the artifact is generally repaired, and the other parts can be used. Gypsum make up."
"It can be said that when the famous Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses were unearthed, no one was complete, and large-scale ones would break into hundreds of pieces. Afterwards, they were a lot of work to fight and repair," Zhao Xiaowei said.
Every artifact you see is more or less repaired
Not only is the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, but every artifact you see in the museum has undergone varying degrees of protection and repair work.
“Each piece of cultural relics will be subject to soluble salts or other harmful molecules contained in groundwater or soil when it is underground. It will continuously infiltrate, dissolve, evaporate, and crystallize. The ceramic artifacts will have a crisp phenomenon and textiles will appear. With rotting and powdering, metal artifacts will slowly lose their metal properties and become fragile and easily broken.†Zhao Xiaowei said that cultural relics should be cleaned, reinforced, etched, sealed and protected.
"Protection and repair are two different but different processes. This is actually a bit like treating a patient who lost his body in a car accident. Protecting the continuation of his life is to be considered in the first place. The repair is based on protection and the incomplete Make up."
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