Acid wet antimony began in 1870, its research and development experienced three stages. A first stage is ferric chloride as chloride leaching agent, antimony metal leaching solution obtained by electrolysis or substitution of stop 1985, industrial application yet. The second stage is only a few years. Its main feature is the use of antimony pentachloride or chlorine as a chlorinating agent to directly obtain antimony from strontium sulfide or concentrate to obtain small-scale industrial applications. At present, it is the third stage. Its main features are high- lead complex antimony concentrate and multi-metal complex niobium-containing materials to prepare a variety of high-grade antimony products, combined with plasma ultra-fine powder technology to produce high-purity ultra-fine antimony oxide. The production line was put into industrial application in 1998.
Due to the low concentration of sulfur dioxide fumes and the market pattern of adapting to sputum, acid wet refining has obvious advantages over traditional fire methods in developing and utilizing China's extremely rich high-lead complex antimony resources.
The method has been the main industrial applications of wet acidic antimony is based chlorinating agent A # - an aqueous solution of antimony pentoxide as the leaching agent "oxidation - hydrolysis" and "New chloride - hydrolysis method", which are It was developed by Zhongnan University of Technology under the guidance of Professor Zhao Tian. The former is only applicable to single sulfide ore, while the latter can handle complex antimony or concentrate and produce high purity products. In addition, the acid wet smelting method which has been industrially applied also includes "chlorine leaching-hydrolysis method" which was successfully developed by Guangdong Institute of Technology Zengda. Chlorine gas instead of ferric chloride as a chlorination-leaching agent is a major advancement in acid wet refining technology. The biggest advantage of this method is that it avoids the interference of a large amount of iron on the separation process and does not require regeneration of the leaching agent, but it also exists. Problems such as low elemental sulfur yield, high chlorine consumption, low leachate concentration, high acid consumption and difficult process control. In response to these problems, Zhongnan University of Technology has successfully developed A # chlorinating agent. A # chlorinating agent has the advantages of ferric chloride and chlorine chlorinating agent, but it has abandoned their shortcomings. Its discovery and use will be acid wet method.锑 Push to a new stage. The principle process of acid wet refining is shown in Figure 1. It mainly includes chlorination-leaching, reduction, hydrolysis, neutralization and replacement. The process used can be simple and versatile for different processing objects. For single sulphide ore, there is no need to remove lead, arsenic removal and recovery of valuable elements. For the brittle sulphur bismuth concentrate and lead anode mud, the steps are the longest. The high-lead or high-arsenic antimony sulfide ore should be added to the lead-free and arsenic removal steps on the basis of a single antimony sulfide ore.
Figure 1 Process of acid wet refining principle
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